Monkeypox, also known as Mpox, is a rare but potentially dangerous viral disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. The virus was first identified in 1958 when outbreaks occurred in monkeys being used for research. Since then, the virus has been found in various animal species, including rodents, primates, and squirrels. While rare, cases of human infection with monkeypox have been reported in central and West African countries, as well as in the United States.
What is Monkeypox?
The Monkeypox virus belongs to the Orthopoxvirus family, which also includes the virus that causes smallpox. The virus is primarily found in animals, particularly in rodents and primates, and is transmitted to humans through contact with infected animals or through bites from infected animals.
The virus causes a disease that is similar to smallpox, but generally less severe. Symptoms of monkeypox appear to include fever, headache, muscle aches, backache, swollen lymph nodes, chills, and exhaustion. The rash typically progresses from macules (flat, red spots) to papules (raised bumps), to vesicles (small fluid-filled blisters), and finally to pustules (pimples filled with pus). The disease can be severe in some cases, and complications can include pneumonia, sepsis, and encephalitis.
How is Monkeypox Transmitted?
Monkeypox is primarily transmitted through contact with infected animals or through bites from infected animals. The virus can also be transmitted through contact with contaminated materials such as bedding or clothing that has been contaminated with the virus. Human-to-human transmission can occur through close contact with an infected person, particularly if they have open sores or lesions.
The virus can be found in the blood, saliva, and other bodily fluids of infected animals and humans, and can be spread through direct contact with these fluids. The virus may also be spread through the air, specially in enclosed spaces.
Who is at Risk for Monkeypox?
People who live in or travel to areas where monkeypox is endemic are at the highest risk of infection. Endemic areas include central and West African countries, where outbreaks of monkeypox have occurred in the past. People who work with animals, particularly rodents and primates, are also at higher risk of infection.
In addition, people who have weakened immune systems, either from a medical condition or from medication, are at higher risk of severe disease and complications from monkeypox.
Preventing Monkeypox
Preventing monkeypox involves reducing exposure to infected animals and contaminated materials. In endemic areas, people should avoid contact with wild animals, particularly rodents and primates, and should not handle or eat bushmeat. People who work with animals should take appropriate precautions, including wearing gloves and other protective gear, and should wash their hands regularly.
In addition to prevention measures, surveillance, and control measures can help to contain outbreaks of monkeypox. This may include identifying and isolating infected individuals, tracing contacts, and implementing appropriate infection control measures in healthcare settings.
Conclusion
Monkeypox is a rare but potentially serious viral disease that is transmitted from animals to humans. While cases of monkeypox are relatively rare, outbreaks have occurred in central and West African countries, as well as in the United States. Preventing monkeypox involves reducing exposure to infected animals and contaminated materials, and taking appropriate precautions
